Which factor has NOT contributed to the demand for teamwork in organizations?

The correct answer highlights the scientific management approach as a factor that has not contributed to the current demand for teamwork in organizations. The scientific management approach, developed by Frederick W. Taylor in the early 20th century, emphasizes efficiency and standardization through task specialization and individual performance. Its focus is primarily on optimizing individual work rather than fostering collaboration among team members.

In contrast, the other factors cited—an economy driven by innovation, rapidly changing technology, and global competition—unquestionably highlight the contemporary shifts that necessitate teamwork. An innovation-driven economy compels organizations to be agile, creative, and collaborative to keep pace with changes in consumer expectations and market demands. Rapid technology changes require diverse skills and cross-functional collaboration, as no single individual may possess all the needed expertise to adapt effectively. Furthermore, global competition pushes organizations to leverage collective knowledge and capabilities, emphasizing the importance of teamwork to compete in the international arena.

Thus, while the scientific management approach has been relevant historically for improving efficiency, it does not align with the modern paradigm that strongly values teamwork to navigate today's dynamic organizational landscapes.